DSpace Repository

Welcome to the NWU Repository, the open access Institutional Repository of the North-West University (NWU-IR). This is a digital archive that collects, preserves and distributes research material created by members of NWU. The aim of the NWU-IR is to increase the visibility, availability and impact of the research output of the North-West University through Open Access, search engine indexing and harvesting by several initiatives.

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Compliance monitoring and enforcement mechanisms under the National Water Act 36 of 1998 for the prevention of water resource pollution by Water Services Authorities
(North-West University (South Africa), 2026) Maphutha, Setsopo Tsibiso; Erasmus, Leandi .J
South Africa is a water-scarce country that cannot afford to diminish the value of the little water resources it has through continuous pollution by untreated or partially treated wastewater. The National Water Act 36 of 1998 has established legal tools to assist in the prevention of water resource pollution in general. This study examines the extent to which the Department of Water and Sanitation, as custodian of South Africa's water resources, utilises the Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement tools provided under the National Water Act 36 of 1998 to ensure compliance with water resource protection measures by Wastewater Treatment Works owned and operated by Water Services Authorities (municipalities). The study found that, historically, the Department of Water and Sanitation has relied predominantly on administrative enforcement tools, such as Notices and Directives. Yet, persistent non-compliance highlights the limited effectiveness of these measures. Recent shifts toward criminal enforcement assume that Water Services Authorities are unwilling rather than unable to comply, without fully accounting for the underlying causes of non???compliance. This study advocates for a holistic and targeted approach to compliance monitoring, involving multiple role players, to address water resource pollution by Water Services Authorities as a matter of emergency. The study further recommends that the Department of Water and Sanitation adopt a comprehensive approach, applying the full spectrum of Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement tools to assess their relative effectiveness under varying circumstances and establish a multiparty standing structure of support to Water Services Authorities
Examining the right to have access to sufficient water in Sebokeng, South Africa
(North-West University (South Africa), 2026) Dube, Peculiar; Viljoen, Germarié
Water is a fundamental human right and a constitutionally protected right in South Africa. Section 27 (1)(b) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Constitution), guarantees that everyone has the right to have access to sufficient water. Since the promulgation of the Constitution, the legislature has adopted progressive laws to give effect to the constitutional water rights. These include, among others, the Water Services Act 108 of 1997 and the National Water Act 36 of 1998. Nevertheless, despite these legislative interventions, the realisation of this right remains uneven across social groups in South Africa. Research indicates that this challenge is deeply rooted in South Africa's political legacy. Historically, water governance in the country has been characterised by structural inequality, stemming from apartheid-era spatial planning and discriminatory service provision that benefitted a select and privileged minority. Sebokeng, within the Emfuleni Local Municipality in Sedibeng District of Gauteng, exemplifies the enduring effects of these historical injustices. Predominantly low-income, the community is marked by high unemployment rates, persistent socioeconomic inequality, and severe infrastructural neglect, all of which continue to constrain access to sufficient water. This study critically examined the progressive realisation of the constitutional right to access sufficient water in Sebokeng, South Africa. The study situated this right within international and regional human rights commitments, and proceeds to: 1) provide a historical and theoretical account of South Africa's water governance framework; 2) identify and analyse a number of challenges in the realisation of the constitutional water right in Sebokeng and examine the regulatory and institutional barriers to the effective implementation; and 3) explore mechanisms to strengthen the existing legal and governance framework to progressively realise the right to have access to sufficient water in Sebokeng, South Africa.
Personeel van 'n tersiere instelling se belewing van transformasie
(North-West University (South Africa), 2000) Viljoen, Jozua Petrus; Rothmann, S
Tertiary institutions in South Africa are currently undergoing transformation, in order to accomplish a better fit with the needs of a changing South African commercial and societal environment. The effect of organisational transformation is that personnel within these institutions are constantly confronted with changes, which impact significantly on the execution of their daily tasks. The personnel are the instrun1ents by means of which transformation takes place. It is therefore important to implement the transformation in such a way that organisational effectiveness is retained. The general purpose of this research was to determine employees of a tertiary education institution's experience of transformation and to determine whether the experiences of personnel members and managers differ. Organisational transformation, its most important trigger mechanisms and factors which could influence individuals' experiences of transformation were studied in the literature. A qualitative research design, based on the phenomenological paradigm, was used. Twelve members of the personnel were identified randomly from the total staff of a tertiary institution's satellite campus. All the managers from the campus were involved in the research. Interviews were used to determine the personnel's experiences of transformation. Content analysis was used to analyse the interviews and to quantify and to interpret the research results. The results of the empirical study showed that the personnel and managers evaluated external factors, such as changes in client base and legislation and regulation by government, as trigger mechanisms for organisational transformation. Internal or organisationally linked factors such as management and leadership, communication and feedback, organisational culture and organisational effectiveness also play a role during transformation. It seems that the dynamic interchange between external trigger mechanisms and internal factors, influences individuals' experiences of transformation on a cognitive, affective and conative level. Similarities and differences, regarding management and personnel's expenencmg were found. Recommendations for future research are made.
The Development of Roles, Competencies and Outcomes of Education, Training and Development (ETD) Facilitators in the Textile Industry
(North-West University (South Africa), 2000) Barnard, Izel; Rothmann, S.
The new training dispensation in South Africa promotes an outcome-based approach to education and training. The textile industry has expressed a need to upgrade the training competence of Education, Training and Development (ETD) facilitators. The general objective of this research was to develop the roles, competencies and outcomes for ETD facilitators in the industry. A cross-sectional survey design was used to reach the research objective. A questionnaire was compiled to measure the role level and focus, competence in four categories and outcomes. A sample of 70 ETD facilitators representing 34 individual companies participated in the survey. The results showed that various ETD outcomes at different complexity levels are being reached through a combination of roles using a range of competencies.
DIE UITVOERBAARHEID EN DIE PROBLEMATIEK VAN DIE OPRIGTING VAN FABRIEKSTELLE VIR KLEINNYWERAARS
(North-West University, 1982) Louis Jacobus Potgieter; Kruger J.E